Not to necrobump, but after all these years VyOS still doesn’t include intel-microcode package.
I fix this by building my own iso on my arch machine via the following commands
git clone -b current --single-branch https://github.com/vyos/vyos-build cd vyos-build docker run --rm -it --privileged -v $(pwd):/vyos -w /vyos vyos/vyos-build:current bash sudo ./build-vyos-image --architecture amd64 --custom-apt-entry "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware" --custom-package 'intel-microcode micro ripgrep fd-find' iso
(micro, ripgrep, fd-find can obviously be removed, I just also want those).
I confirmed doing this loads the latest microcode for my cpu. Hope this helps someone else looking!
The linux kernel includes mitigations (which can be disabled) so you are not completely vulnerable without a microcode update.
You can run lscpu to verify this.
Also the motherboard manufacturer should release updated BIOS to be flashed (but that can lack 6-12 months behind if evere updated) which would update the microcode aswell on the cpu.